Fuel-oil burner



A. R. ANTHONY.

' FUEL OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZO, 1918.

1,396,086. atented Nov. 8, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEE! I.

A. R. ANTHONY.

FUEL OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZO, 191s.

wi hmoo Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED R. ANTHONY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

FUEL-OIL BURNER.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALFRED R. ANTHONY, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Detroit, Vt'ayne county, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to liquid fuel burners. the principal features consisting in the provision of an efficient and simple arrangement for thoroughlyatomizing the fuel and mixing it with the air; in providing means for effecting a whirling motion of the air; in the provision of means for directing a plurality of streams of air into the liquid fuel jet and an independent inlet in the burner for each stream; in the arrangement of the conduits supplying air to the burner, whereby a certain minimum of air is always supplied to the burner; and in the provision of a novel form of cap for the ends of the air conduits in the burner. Other objects and features of novelty will be apparent from the description taken in connection with the drawings in which- Figure 1 a rear elevation of a burner illustrating the piping connected therewith for supplying air, gas and liquid fuel;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the rear portion of the burner and the connections for supplying fuel thereto;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a burner constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation through the burner taken substantially on the line 4- 1 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Fig. 3 the reference numeral 10 indicates the burner body which as shown is preferably of globular shape and has the projecting cylindrical shell 11 at the front thereof. In the interior of the body and spaced from the wall thereof, is the tubular or sleeve-like member 12. thus forming an annular passage 13 between the wall forming the body and the said tube. At the left hand end as viewed in Fig. 3 the body is formed with an opening 14 which is of the same diameter as the interior of the sleeve Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

1918. Serial No. 245,930.

12, thus forming a bore extending longitudinally through the burner. The opening 14 has a counter-bore 15 which is threaded to receive the base 16 of a member carrying the fuel tube 17. As shown the tube 17 has the axially extending bore 18'for the fuel, the base 16 being formed with a pipe tap for a nipple 18 for the pipe connection to supply fuel to the burner. The opposite end or--t1p of the tube 17 has the reduced opening 19 forming a nozzle for the liquid fuel; Adjacent the point where the tube 17 joins the base 16 is a shouldered portion 69 which is exteriorly threaded and has a sleeve or tube 20 screwed thereon. The left hand end of this tube, as "iewed in Fig. 3, has its diameter increased so that the outer periphery of this enlarged portion fits tightly within the opening 141. In this manner an annular passage 21 is formed in the burner between the sleeve 20 and the tube 12, and a further annular passage 22 is formed between the interior of the sleeve 20 and the exterior.

of the fuel tube 17. Air is supplied to the passage 13 through a main air inlet 23 and air or gas may be supplied to the passage 21 through the inlet 24, bothof these inlets being formedintegral with the body of the valve. For the purpose of supplying the passage 22. the body has the supplemental air inlet 25 which through the passage 26 supplies the annular space 27 bounded by the wall of the body. The base of the sleeve 20 is formed with a plurality of radially ex tending apertures 28 which afford communication between the said space 27 and the passage 22. In this manner-it will be seen.

that each one of the annular air passages within the burner has a separate inlet. Further the construction of the parts is such that the fuel tube with the surrounding sleeve 20 may be-removed bodily from the burner for repair or cleaning, and the sleeve 20 is readily detached from the base 16 merely by unscrewing the same therefrom.

It will be observed that the fuel tube 17 has an integral nozzle, thus overcoming the objections, such as leakage. to the type having a removable nozzle at the tip thereof. The supply of fuel is controlled by a valve exteriorly of the burner in a manner which will be described hereinafter. thus eliminating the needle valve rod which is generally arranged within the fuel tube. The front end of the tube 17 has the two reduced porsis larger diameter than said shell .part.

tions 29 and 30. the part'29 being of less diameter than the part 30 and the latter being of less diameter than the outside of the tube 17. A cap is screwed on the reduced portion 25) and comprises the cylindrical shell part 31 having an'enlarged front end 32. the end surface of which is conical and a continuation of the conical end surface of the nozzle. .-\rranged on the periplr cry of the shell portion 31 and adjoining the enlarged part 32 is a series of curved blades 34. a portion of each of the outer tips of which are in contact with the inner surface of a cap screwed'on the portion 30 of the fuel tube. This latter cap also-comprises a cylindrical shell part 35 and has a conical tip 36, the base portion 37 of which is of Adjaccnt; this base the shell has a circular series of curved blades 38 which are disposed so that about half of the tip or outer edge of each blade is in contact with the inner surface at. the end of the tube 20. The conical tip 33 is spaced from the conical surface of the nozzle so as to provide a conical passage 38' and the shell part 35 is formed with a series of radial openings 39 through which air may pass from the passage 22 into the space between the two caps on the end of the fuel tube. The air is then given a whirling motion in a plane substantially perpcndicular to the axis of the burner by means of the blades 34. This whirling stream of air is then directed by the conical passage 38 so that it intersects the jet issuing from the fuel nozzle 29.

A cap is also threaded on the end of the tube 20 and is similar in construction to the caps already described. As shown it comprises a cylindrical shell part 40 carrying a conical tip 41 the base 42 of which is of larger diameter than the said shell. Adjacent this base the shell has a circular series of curved blades 43, the outer tips of which are substantially flush with the outer surface of said base and about half of the outer edge of each blade is in contact with the interior surface of the circular wall 12 of the body. The conical tip 41 is spaced from the conical tip 36, thus forming a conical air passage 44 which guides the whirling stream of air so that it intersects the jet issuing from the nozzle. In a like manner the tubular wall 12 has a cap threaded on the exterior thereof which comprises a cylindrical shell part 45 and a conical tip 46 connected thereto, the base47 of the tip being of larger diameter than the said shell. The shell has a series of curved blades 48 which adjoin the base 47 and the outer edges of which are flush with the outer surface of said base. Furthermore the portion of the outer edge of each blade is in contact with the interior surface of the cylindrical shell 11 of the body. The tip 46 is spaced from the conical tip 41, thus forming a conical pas- 49 for directing a whirling stream of air against the jet issuing from the other tips and nozzle. A cap 50 is threaded on the exterior of the shell 11 and has a conical tip 51 spaced from the tip 46, thus providing a conical passage 52 for directing a whirling stream of air against the jet. Lock nuts and 54 may be provided on the sleeves 20 and 12 respectively for locking the caps in any adjusted position. It will be observed that the caps with their tips are adjustably mounted on their sleeves or tubes and consequently the size of the conical passages may be adjusted to give the proper mixture and control the length of the flame. As

clearly shown in Fig. 6 the blades 34 and 43 are inclined in the same direction. The blades 38 and 48 are also inclined in the same direction but opposite to the blades 34 and 43. Thus it will be seen that adjacent streams of air are given a whirling motion in a plane substantially transverse to the axis of the burner and in opposite directions. The blades of each series are of such length and curved so that the tips thereof prevent any air from passing radially outward without coming under the influence of the blades.

Referring to Fig. 1 the arrangement of the piping for supplying the burner preferably includes a main air pipe 55 connected to the main air inlet 23 of the burner, the flow of air in this pipe 55 being controlled by a valve 56. The air for the supplemental inlet 25 may be supplied through a conduit 57, which preferably is uninterrupted, that is to say there is no valve in this conduit. As shown this is accomplished by connecting the conduit 57 to the line supplying the main air inlet 23 above the valve 56 in the said main line. The air or gas for the inlet 24 may be supplied by conduit 58. In this manner it will be seen that air will be continually supplied to the supplemental inlet 25, it being the intention to have these parts adjusted so that the amount of air entering through this supplemental inlet will be sufiicient to maintain the burner for the condition of its lowest rate of operation. When it is desired to increase the rate of combustion then the valve 56 and fuel valve are opened to supply a greater quantity of air and fuel. The liquid fuel is preferablyfed through a pipe 59 to an angle needle valve 60 which by means of a nipple 61 is connected to a T 62 screwed on the nipple 18' at the rear end of the burner. The other end of the T 62 is closed by a plug 63, in line with the fuel passage 18 of the fuel tube 17, so that by removing the plug 63 the said passage 18 may be cleaned. Furthermore the construction of the burner with the fuel regulating valve disposed exteriorly of the same eliminates the long needle valve member extending through the tube which old construction has given considerable trouble from leakage and other causes.

In the operation of the burner, air is continually supplied through the supplemental air inlet and air or gas through the inlet 24. the main air supply entering through inlet 23 and being controlled by the valve 56. The rate of flow of the liquid fuel is governed by the exteriorly arranged valve 60. The various streams of air within the body are given a whirling motion adjacent the end of their paths by the radial blades and are then guided to intersect the jet issuing from the fuel nozzle, the direction of whirling of adjacent streams being opposite to each other. Thus a very thorough atomizing of the fuel is obtained and an eflicient mixing of air and fuel. Further, because of the whirling motion of the air streams, the burner ives a relatively short flame. Obviously, i5 desired, one or more sets of the blades could be omitted, with their function. If one or more caps without blades were used, the length of the flame would be increased in proportion. To cut down the burner to its minimum rate of operation, the main air valve 56 and air or gas valve 70 are closed and the fuel valve nearly closed. Air will then be supplied through the supplemental inlet 25 in suflicient quantity to maintain the reduced rate of combustion.

Although a valve having three fluid passages therein and inlets therefor has been shown, the invention is not limited to this number, as more or less can be provided. Further the invention is not limited to the exact form shown but comprehends changes and modifications which are included Within the scope of the appended claims.

The conduits 13, 21 and 22 when included in the claims have been designated fluid conduits for the reason that while they usually are employed to convey air, yet one or more might be used for a combustible gas, if desired.

Having thus described my invention What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1'. A burner of the character described including a fuel tube having a nozzle with a central discharge orifice, a plurality of annular fluid conduits constructed and arranged to deliver the fluid in annular conical streams intersecting the jet from said orifice, independent inlets for said conduits, and means to effect a whirling motion of the fluid in one of said conduits.

2. A burner of the character described including a fuel tube, a fluid conduit around the tube, the outer end of the tube being reduced and having a nozzle, a cap on the tube spaced from the outer surface of said reduced end formed with openings connecting said fluid conduit and the annular space between the reduced end and cap, and said cap also having means to effect a whirling mo tion of the fluid in said conduit.

3. A burner of the character described in cluding in combination a fuel tube, a plurality of annular fluid conduits, the tube having a nozzle at its outer end and the conduits having conical caps adapted to direct conical streams of fluid into the jet issuing from the nozzle, and one of said caps having means to effect a whirling motion of the 4. A burner of the character described including in combination a fuel tube, a plurality of annular fluid conduits, the tube having a nozzle at its outer end and the conduits having conical caps adapted to direct conical streams of fluid against the jet issuing from the nozzle, and one of said caps having a circular series of blades to effect a whirling motion of the fluid.

5. A burner of the character described including in combination, a fuel tube, a fluid conduit around the tube, a pair of caps or the end of the tube constructed and arranged to direct conical streams of fluid into the jet issuing from the tube and means on each cap to effect a whirling motion of the fluid.

6. As an article of manufacture, a cap for a burner of the character described comprising a cylindrical shell portion, a conical portion joined thereto and a series of blades on the said shell, said blades being straight in an axial direction and inclined in a circumferential direction.

7. As an article of manufacture, a cap for a burner of the character described comprising a cylindrical shell portion, a conicalportion joined thereto of greater thickness than the shell, and a series of blades on the shell portion, the outer edges of the blades belng substantially flush with the outer surface of the base of said conical portion.

8. A burner of the character described including a fuel nozzle, a pair of fluid conduits adapted to deliver the fluid in streams intersectlng the jet from the nozzle and means to effect a whirling motion of the fluid in each conduit, the direction of said whirling motion in one conduit being opposite to that in the other.

9. A burner of the character described including a fuel nozzle, a pair of fluid conduits adapted to deliver the fluid in streams intersecting the jet from the nozzle and means to effect a whirling motion of the fluid in each conduit substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow, the direction of said whirling motion in one conduit being opposite to that in the other.

10. A burner of the character described including a fuel nozzle, a pair of fluid conduits adapted to deliver the fluid in streams intersecting the jet from the nozzle and means to effect a whirling motion of the lluid in'eaeh eonduit. including a (-irrular series of blades the blades in one conduit being oppositel direeted to those in the other.

11; A burner ot' the eharaeter deseribed ineluding in eombinationa fuel nozzle, means to direet an annular stream of fluid to inter- Feet the jet from said nozzle. and means to give the stream of lluid a \vhirling motion in a plane substantially perpemlieular to the axis of the nozzle, said means including blades. eaeh blade being straight in an axial direction and inelined in a eireumterential direetion.

12. A burner of the ebaracter deseribed ineluding in combination a body having a lluid tube. a nozzle at the end of said tube, means forming a plurality of annular fluid passages within said body. means to deliver fluid from said passages in annular conical streams interseeting the jet from said nozzle, and means adjacent the last mentioned means to guide the entire stream of fluid in one of said passages in a radial and circumferential direetion to generate a rapid whirling motion in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the burner.

13. A burner of the character described ineluding a fuel tube, a fluid outlet around the tube and a eap on the outer end of said tube having means to guide the entire stream ol fluid radiall} and simultaneously circuml'ereutially to thereby efi'eet a rapid whirling motion.

In testimony\vhereof I atlix my signature.

ALFRED R. ANTHONY. 

